Time clocks of ancient Judaism according to Aurelius Augustine and Max Weber

Abstract

In these remarks, I will attempt to present the issue of clocks of time used by Aurelius Augustine and Max Weber in the presentation and evaluation of ancient Judaism. These two clocks differ in several ways. The most important differences between them are that Augustine was guided by confessional considerations and Weber by scientific ones during their construction. In the first case, the confessional approach is visible in treating Judaism as a preparation phase for the emergence and popularization of Christianity. In the second case, the development of Judaism is seen as a process that contributed to the fact that Jews became a pariah nation. Both clocks were the subject of polemics and critical commentaries. Nevertheless, it is unquestionable that measuring time might be conducted with clocks constructed differently. The most interesting are those clocks that are able to point out the important aspects of the changing reality. The more varied this reality is, and it is highly varied in the case of religious beliefs and practices, the more difficult it is to construct such clocks of time. Ancient Judaism is a good example of this fact.