Protestantism in the face of modernity: confessional pedagogy and ecumenical dialogue in Poland at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries

Abstract

This article analyzes the influence of Protestant theology and spirituality on pedagogical practices in Polish denominational schools at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, as examined by Polish religious scholars. It discusses the significance of key Reformation principles (sola scriptura, sola gratia, sola fide, solus Christus, soli Deo gloria) and their translation into teaching methods, value formation, and teacher–student relationships. It analyzes the contributions of Stanisław Cynarski, Janusz Tazbir, Janusz T. Maciuszko, Tadeusz J. Zieliński, and Wojciech Kriegseisen, as well as the research of Anna Goch-Murzyniec and Mariusz Brodnicki. The study reveals how Protestant pedagogy promotes student autonomy, dialogue, critical thinking, and social responsibility. The article presents the distinctive features of Protestant schools: ecumenical character, intimate atmosphere, active parental involvement, and integration of science with Christian ethics. It emphasizes these institutions’ contribution to Poland’s educational pluralism and their role in ecumenical dialogue and fostering religious tolerance.